Internet Technology (Networking, HTML, CSS, JavaScript , PHP etc.)
1. What are the basic tags of HTML? Explain with example?
2. What is hyperlink? What are the different types of links used in HTML? Differentiates between hyperlink and hypermedia?
3. Define JavaScript? Explain the client-side benefits of using JavaScript over VBScript
4. What is CSS? Explain various types of CSS with examples?
5. Differentiate between HUB and SWITCH
1. Basic HTML Tags:
HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) uses various tags to structure and format web content. Here are some basic HTML tags along with examples:
- `<html>`: Defines the beginning and end of an HTML document.
<html>
<!-- Your content goes here -->
</html>
- `<head>`: Contains meta-information about the document, such as the title, character set, and links to external resources.
<head>
<title>My Web Page</title>
<!-- Other meta tags and links go here -->
</head>
- `<body>`: Encloses the main content of the web page that is visible to users.
```html
<body>
<h1>Welcome to My Web Page</h1>
<p>This is some text content.</p>
</body>
- `<h1>`, `<h2>`, `<p>`, `<a>`, `<img>`, `<ul>`, `<li>`, `<div>`, `<span>`: These are tags for headings, paragraphs, hyperlinks, images, lists, and containers, respectively.
2. Hyperlinks in HTML:
- A hyperlink (or link) is an element that allows users to navigate between web pages or resources. The `<a>` tag is used to create hyperlinks in HTML.
- Types of links in HTML:
- **Text Links**: These are links within text content.
<a href="https://www.example.com">Visit Example</a>
- **Image Links**: Hyperlinks can be applied to images using the `<a>` tag wrapped around an `<img>` tag.
```html
<a href="https://www.example.com">
<img src="example.jpg" alt="Example">
</a>
- **Internal Links**: Links that point to other pages within the same website.
<a href="about.html">About Us</a>
- Hyperlink vs. Hypermedia:
- A hyperlink is a reference (usually text or an image) that allows users to navigate to another resource (e.g., web page) when clicked.
- Hypermedia extends the concept by including various types of media (e.g., text, images, audio, video) within the linked resource, providing a richer interactive experience.
3. JavaScript:
- JavaScript is a client-side scripting language used for adding interactivity and dynamic behavior to web pages. It runs in the user's web browser.
- Benefits of using JavaScript over VBScript:
- **Cross-browser Compatibility**: JavaScript is widely supported across various browsers, making it a more reliable choice for web development compared to VBScript, which is mainly supported by Internet Explorer.
- **Rich Ecosystem**: JavaScript has a vast ecosystem of libraries and frameworks (e.g., React, Angular, Vue.js) that facilitate web development, while VBScript lacks such extensive support.
- **Community and Updates**: JavaScript has a larger developer community and is regularly updated, ensuring better security and performance compared to VBScript, which has been deprecated.
4. CSS (Cascading Style Sheets):
- CSS is used to style and format the presentation of HTML content. There are various types of CSS:
- **Inline CSS**: Applied directly to individual HTML elements using the `style` attribute.
<p style="color: blue; font-size: 16px;">Styled Text</p>
- **Internal CSS**: Defined within the `<style>` element in the HTML `<head>` section.
<style>
p {
color: green ;
font-size: 18px;
}
</style>
- **External CSS**: Stored in separate .css files and linked to the HTML document using the `<link>` tag.
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="styles.css">
- **Selectors**: CS uses selectors to target HTML elements for styling. For example, `p` selects all `<p>` elements, and `.class` selects elements with a specific class attribute.
5. Hub vs. Switch:
- A hub and a switch are both networking devices used to connect multiple devices within a network. However, they function differently:
- **Hub**: A hub operates at the physical layer (Layer 1) of the OSI model. It simply broadcasts data to all connected devices, regardless of the intended recipient. This leads to inefficient data transmission and increased network congestion.
- **Switch**: A switch operates at the data link layer (Layer 2) of the OSI model. It intelligently forwards data only to the device that needs it, based on its MAC (Media Access Control) address. This reduces network collisions, improves efficiency, and enhances security.
In summary, HTML tags structure web content, hyperlinks enable navigation, JavaScript adds interactivity, CSS styles content, and hubs and switches differ in their network data handling mechanisms.
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