Top MCQ's With Answer From BCA Sem 1 CBCS Syllabus (C Program ; Digital Electronic ; Basic Math; Soft Skill;)

 

Networking Concepts

Data Link Layer:

Stop-and-Wait ARQ (Automatic Repeat reQuest):

• Definition: Stop-and-Wait is a simple ARQ protocol in the Data Link Layer.
• Key Points:
  • The sender sends one frame and then waits for an acknowledgment from the receiver.
  • If an acknowledgment is not received, the sender assumes that the frame was lost and retransmits it.
  • Simple but can lead to inefficiencies in utilizing network bandwidth.

Data Link Layer:

Token Bus and Token Ring:

• Token Bus:
  • Definition: Token Bus is a network protocol in which a logical token is passed around the nodes to control access to the network.
  • Key Points:
    • Nodes on the network can transmit data only when they possess the token.
    • Ensures fair access to the network.
• Token Ring:
  • Definition: Token Ring is a network topology where each device is connected to exactly two other devices, forming a ring.
  • Key Points:
    • Data travels in one direction around the ring.
    • Devices take turns sending data, controlled by a token.

Sort Notes:

1. ALOHA
   • Definition: ALOHA is a random access protocol used for communication in a network.
   • Key Points:
     • Devices can transmit data at any time.
     • There is a possibility of collision, and mechanisms like ALOHA's slotted variant attempt to address this.
2. CSMA (Carrier Sense Multiple Access)
   • Definition: CSMA is a network protocol where devices listen to the network before transmitting to avoid collisions.
   • Key Points:
     • Devices sense the carrier (the medium) before transmitting.
     • If the carrier is busy, the device waits.
3. FDMA (Frequency Division Multiple Access)
   • Definition: FDMA is a channel access method used in multiple-access protocols where different users transmit at different frequencies simultaneously.
   • Key Points:
     • Frequency bands are divided among users.
4. TDMA (Time Division Multiple Access)
   • Definition: TDMA is a channel access method used in multiple-access protocols where different users transmit at different times in the same frequency.
   • Key Points:
     • Time is divided into slots, and each user gets a specific time slot.
5. CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access)
   • Definition: CDMA is a digital cellular technology that uses spread spectrum techniques for communication.
   • Key Points:
     • Each user is assigned a unique code to differentiate their signals.

Network Layer:

1. Internet Address
   • Definition: Internet addresses, typically referring to IP addresses, uniquely identify devices on a network.
   • Key Points:
     • IPv4 and IPv6 are the current versions of Internet addresses.
2. Classless & Classful Address
   • Classful Addressing: Traditional IP addressing where addresses are divided into classes (A, B, C).
   • Classless Addressing: More flexible addressing, allowing for variable-length subnetting.
3. Static VS Dynamic Routing
   • Static Routing: Manually configured routing tables.
   • Dynamic Routing: Routing tables are automatically updated by routing protocols.
4. IPV6
   • Definition: Internet Protocol version 6 is the most recent version of the Internet Protocol, designed to replace IPv4.
   • Key Points:
     • Expands address space to accommodate the growing number of devices on the internet.

Application Layer:

1. Cryptography
   • Definition: The practice and study of techniques for securing communication.
   • Key Points:
     • Involves techniques like encryption and decryption.
2. Digital Signature
   • Definition: A cryptographic technique to ensure the authenticity and integrity of digital messages or documents.
   • Key Points:
     • Provides a way to verify the sender's identity.
3. FTP, HTTP, WWW
   • FTP (File Transfer Protocol): Used for transferring files between computers on a network.
   • HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol): Protocol used for transmitting hypertext via the Internet.
   • WWW (World Wide Web): The global system of interconnected hypertext documents accessed via the Internet.

Physical Layer:

1. Circuit Switching
   • Definition: A communication method where a dedicated communication path is established between two devices for the duration of their conversation.
   • Key Points:
     • Commonly used in traditional telephone networks.
     • Efficient for continuous data transmission.